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Eloquent ORM ​

Eloquent es el ORM de Laravel. Permite trabajar con modelos, relaciones, scopes y consultas expresivas.

Modelo ​

php
class Product extends Model
{
    protected $fillable = ['name', 'sku', 'price', 'stock'];
}

Consulta ​

php
$products = Product::query()
    ->where('stock', '>', 0)
    ->orderBy('name')
    ->get();

Relaciones ​

php
class Order extends Model
{
    public function user(): BelongsTo
    {
        return $this->belongsTo(User::class);
    }
}

Eager loading ​

php
Order::with('user')->get();

Evita N+1 queries.

Scopes ​

php
public function scopeActive($query)
{
    return $query->where('active', true);
}

Buenas practicas ​

  • Define $fillable.
  • Usa eager loading.
  • Evita queries en bucles.
  • Usa casts.
  • Revisa SQL en consultas críticas.